WZH-MIT-Essay1-3-0920-ec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

WZH-MIT-Essay1-3-0920-ec - Essay Example I didn’t care to listen and accredit the much valued experience of my subordinates. A daily non-interactive reporting system was scheduled with scarce chance of consultation and negotiation. I didn’t recognize that in the trial to be an effective ‘authoritative’ leader, I turned my self to be a mere ‘authoritarian’ leader. As the interaction factor was lacking, there was no space for a healthy debate and no disagreement was expressed on the decisions made. I was also hesitant in taking help from subordinates even though I lacked the expertise in many of the technical and practical issues. Rather than looking for some wise capacity building ideas, I tried to masquerade my lack of knowledge with the authority I had, resulting in doubtful decisions. Things started to back fire as these decisions proved wrong and even led to the rejection of goods by clients. On this development, my supervisor intervened privately and we had a detailed discussion on my setbacks .He pointed out my drawbacks, and gently advised me on the qualities a good leader should have. In this process, I observed an ideal leader in him, as he heard and understood me, was inspiring and had respect for my thoughts and observations. Well blended with his experience, the discussion pointed out the lacking factors in the team and the leader. I realized the need of being more mature in leadership and collaborative team work. From there on, I ensured to accredit the experience of my team members and devised an effective communication with them. The morning meeting continued, but in a collective way discussing the issues and scopes, resulting in final plans to be put into practice. I made it a routine that each staff was heard to .The team was inspired to be bold in innovations, taking care of the quality standards. Subsequently, I developed integrity by improvising my technical understanding. All the required resources were ensured to the

Themes in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Themes in Hamlet Essay To what extent does Shakespeare deal with these themes in Hamlet? As consistent with all Shakespearean tragedies, Shakespeare uses the fatal flaws of the central characters to bring about their downfall which ultimately leads to their death. In Hamlet, deceit and betrayal initiates the failures of the main characters, particularly Prince Hamlet, King Claudius and Ophelia. These themes are pivotal to their actions and are used to expose the flaws of the characters that lead to their downfall and eventually, death. Shakespeare begins the play with the depressed, yet innocent Hamlet, who is in mourning for the recently dead king, his father. He is angry at his mother, for quickly marrying the new King, also his uncle. He feels betrayed by his mother because she was able to forget her previous husband so quickly and easily. He is melancholic because of his father’s death but more because of his mother’s â€Å"speedy marriage†. In his fury, he stereotypes all women as weak, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman. † He is uncomfortable with what he feels is an unacceptable situation and he senses, â€Å"It is not, nor can it come to, good. † Despite his negative feelings, his emotions are controlled and he does not even consider the possibility that his father was murdered and he is portrayed as blameless and wide open to deceit. Shakespeare creates the first twist of the play when Hamlet meets the ghost, his â€Å"father’s spirit†. The ghost divulges to a shocked Hamlet that his father was victim of â€Å"murder most foul† and urges the prince to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. The serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown,† thus revealing to Hamlet the betrayal and deceit of Claudius. Hamlet is outraged and disgusted by what he learns and promises the ghost, â€Å"Thy commandment all alone shall live within the book and volume of my brain. † He will seek nothing but revenge and he entrusts only the loyal Horatio and Marcellus with his sinister findings. Claudius murders his own brother and king to introduce the complex web of deceit and betrayal that make up the play. After Hamlet’s meeting with the ghost, Hamlet is convinced that he has been victim of betrayal and deceit as he refers to the spirit as â€Å"an honest ghost†. His previously controlled emotions reach boiling point and he is furious enough to call his mother a â€Å"most pernicious woman†. He is traumatised by the news and his emotions start to become uncontrolled causing Horatio to say, â€Å"These are but wild and whirling words, my lord. † Slowly, the idea of revenge overcomes all his thoughts and Shakespeare feeds idea of deceit and betrayal into his mind. Hamlet decides that the only way he can see through the deceit and confirm the murder claim is by deception himself. He decides to â€Å"put on an antic disposition† to enable him to spy on his uncle without arousing any suspicion. Ophelia, although innocent, is a character who is in the way of Hamlet without meaning to do any harm. Her father is the Lord Chamberlain who is capable of extracting all scraps of information from her, against her will. He is very loyal to the king and will pass on anything he knows to him. As a consequence, Ophelia cannot be trusted with the truth and is subjected to deceit and betrayal. Hamlet deceives her by deliberately acting mad to confuse her and telling her that he â€Å"loved her not†. This is a downright lie as is obvious towards the end of the play when he is distraught to discover her death and tells an equally distressed Laertes that â€Å"forty thousand brothers with all their quantity of love could not love her more than [he] did†. Hamlet betrays her by being cruel and sarcastic to her and making comments such as, â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery† to keep her away from him. Hamlet is forced to take this path because he knows she must not find out what he knows regarding his father’s death; otherwise he risks endangering his life from Claudius. Shakespeare uses all the deceit and betrayal to create a conflict of loyalty inside Ophelia and she is unsure whether she should stay true to her love Hamlet or obey her father. She betrays Hamlet by choosing to obey her father rather that staying loyal to Hamlet. Despite her feeble attempts to try to defend Hamlet by saying, â€Å"He hath importuned me with love in honourable fashion,† she cannot disobey her father. She is torn between a strong father and a strong lover but being the dutiful daughter she promises her father, â€Å"I shall obey, my lord,† when ordered to stay away from Hamlet and not to â€Å"give words or talk† to him. She deceives Hamlet when she allows Claudius and her father to spy on him by trying to engage him in conversation in the presence of the two men. Her decision to obey her father means she is completely reliant on him. Being a lady of her time, she does not have any independence and needs the support of a man which makes her vulnerable and ultimately a failure. Hamlet’s rudeness towards her and her betrayal of Hamlet makes her believe that he will not care for her again. When her father dies she feels as if she has lost everything and this drives her towards insanity and eventually, death. As is obvious from the beginning of the play, Hamlet’s main failure is that he is very indecisive and thinks about issues too much which lead to his downfall and ultimately, death. He is also quite lonely and throughout the course of the play, only Horatio remains loyal to the prince and Hamlet can talk to and trust only him. All others, including his girlfriend, Ophelia, betray him and he cannot speak freely with them. The lack of people to talk to means that thoughts build up in his mind and he is constantly thinking about issues, such as revenge and suicide, too much without being able to reach an appropriate decision. His main failure and fatal flaw is this inability to make quick decisions and take action before it is too late. Typically, Shakespeare shows Claudius’ main flaw and failure to be his ambition which is what possesses him to perform the evil deed of murdering the king. He confesses, â€Å"I am still possess’d of those effects for which I did the murder, my crown, mine own ambition and my queen. † He tries to convince himself that he cannot turn around and make up for what he has done because he has waded too far into the pool of evil. He offers what is really an empty prayer because his â€Å"words fly up† but â€Å"thoughts remain below† and he says, â€Å"Words without thoughts never to heaven go. † His failure is that he is too ambitious and greedy and he cannot bear to think about life without his throne and queen. He does not make any attempt to make up for what he has done because he does not want to which creates problems because eventually the truth is discovered and this brings about his downfall and death. All the actions of the main characters are shaped by Shakespeare through the themes of deceit, betrayal and failure. He uses the deceit and betrayal of Claudius and Ophelia to cause Hamlet himself to deceive and betray which enables him to discover the truth. Shakespeare uses the deceit and betrayal to bring out the failures of the characters that lead to their downfall and death.

Patriarchy in India, China, Greece and Rome Essay -- Sociology, Classi

Most classical society’s political and social organization revolved around the idea of patriarchy, a male dominated social system. This system exacerbated the inherit difference between men and woman and assigned gender roles based on these observations. Men were generally regarded as superior to woman therefore given greater religious and political roles as well as more legal rights. As the natural inverse, women were subordinated and seen as week; their main roles reproductive and domestic. Information about patriarchy in the classical era, though abundant, was, for the most part, written by men, therefore history does not give us an accurate depiction of women’s viewpoints. Four societies of the classical era, India, China, Greece, and Rome, adopted a patriarchal system, however, due to many factors, each developed identifiable characteristics. Because they did not have a traditional role in government, women had work their way around the system to gain any type of political leverage. Empress Lu violated every cultural and social norm by retaining power as a regent throughout the reins of her son, grandson and adopted grandson. Tradidtionaly regents ruled from behind the scenes while the emperor himself was unable to make decisions, usualy due to age or heath complications, however Empress Lu eradicated any competitors for the thrown. As the end of her reign was nearing, she expected her nephews to succeed her. Even as the first empress, not unfamiliar with disrupting tradition, she left the emperorship to the next male in her bloodline (Doc. 5) not a female. Though Empress Lu defied all expectations of women, her power as an Empress was still undisputed due to the Mandate of Heaven, an idea originating in the Shang dynasty.... ...c. 4). This is an example of one of the seven unequal relationships in Confucianism. Much of the social structure of classical China was based on Confucian ideals (Doc. 3). In Greece the relationship between a husband and wife also very unequal due to her young age and lack of education. Alone a woman had no political rights and limited legal powers therefore is was necessary for a husband to provide for his wife much like a father would (Doc. 6) A woman would learn house hold management and eventually produce heirs. These two similar systems of social roles was not a benevolent system. It did not take into account the welfare of individuals, particularly woman who had little power to leave in a bad marital situation. However by insuring that people know their place, which kept them in line, classical societies were more prosperous and able to run more smoothly.

Little Richard’s Influence on Rock ‘N’ Roll History Essay

Rock and roll music emerged as a part of American teen culture during the notably conservative time period in the country’s history which shortly followed the traumatic events of World War II. Being that the genre’s target audience was white teenagers, many Americans- already overwhelmed and on-edge due to the anti-communist movement inspired by the Cold War- were apprehensive about the influence that this up-and-coming style of music might have on their country’s future. America’s youth openly accepted rock and roll’s racially integrated culture of performers and embraced the relatively lewd nature of many songs and performances associated with the genre, much to the dismay of their elders. Richard Wayne Penniman (better known by his stage name, Little Richard) had an important influence on the history of rock and roll music because of his unconventional stage presence and explicit sexuality. Artists such as Little Richard aggressively pushed the envelope, defied social norms and generated controversy. Richard, along with a few fellow pioneers, helped to define rock and roll in its early years, and paved the way for rock and rollers of future generations. Penniman’s work left an everlasting impression on the musical genre and culture that is rock and roll. Considering the time in America’s history during which Little Richard appeared on the rock and roll scene, it is completely appropriate to attribute much of his fame and influence to his unconventional stage presence. The rising popularity of television during the 1950’s fundamentally changed the music industry by presenting artists with an entirely new way to market themselves (or be marketed). Being televised meant that the overall look and presence of an artist played a more crucial role in stimulating audiences; the focus of listeners was no longer solely the sound of the music being produced. Prior to T. V. , music fans were only able to enjoy the sounds of their favorite artist by way of radio and the purchasing of records. In many cases, this meant that if a fan had never seen a live performance or record-jacket photo of a particular artist, it’s possible that they had never seen said artist at all and possessed only a general idea (if any) of what that artist looked like. As television sets became an increasingly popular household item for middle-class American families, â€Å"live performances assumed a new importance for performers of rock ‘n’ roll music, and individual artists and vocal roups sought to cultivate visual characteristics or mannerisms that would set them apart from others and encourage listeners to remember them†¦ but no performer in the early years of rock ‘n’ roll was as visually flamboyant as Little Richard,† (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). A fan’s perception of an artist or group became subject to their opinion of the overall image of the performance. At this point in time, listening to the music of a completely respectable, clean cut, well dressed African-American was still considered inappropriate by a sizeable portion of white American society- particularly those living in the South and those beyond their teenage years. Many of these people were hesitant to accept racial integration, and tended to proceed cautiously when (or, more appropriately, if) they chose to do so. These are the same people that were unrightfully, but understandably, so frightened by performers like Little Richard. In order to differentiate himself from other rockers of the time, Richard usually wore heavy make-up and sported his famous pompadour hair style. As a former drag queen, Richard was fully aware of the type of reaction his look would draw from audiences; it’s the reaction he hoped to receive. Though, at the time, society as a whole was unsure of how to react to the statement his image made, â€Å"the†¦ ambiguity of Little Richard’s sexual identity†¦ paved the way for the image of performers such as David Bowie, Elton John, and Prince,† (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). Just in case his eccentric outward appearance was not enough to gain the disapproval of parents across the nation, Little Richard put on an absolutely wild stage performance which included dramatic eye rolling and his simultaneous hip gyrating and piano playing. In order to dance and play piano at the same time, Little Richard stood (not sat) in front of the instrument- yet another feature of his performance that was specific to him. Little Richard aimed to gain the attention of his fans by creating an entirely original and exciting performance act. In order to do so, Richard created an image that was totally outside of society’s definition of normal, respectable, and safe. His image was only half of his act, though. It’s unlikely that there were many ‘respectable’ white, American parents around in the 1950’s that were comfortable with the idea of Little Richard having any type of influence over the generation deemed the ‘future’ of their country, much less over their specific children. If there had been anyone left straddling that fence, however, contemplating just how harmful a 24-year-old performer with a whacky haircut and face full of make up could really be, it would be safe to assume that they had never actually heard the man sing. The lewd, scandalous lyrics that completed Little Richard’s unorthodox self-presentation would have provided the final push that landed the aforementioned fence straddler on the opposite side of Richard’s performance, and confirmed the popular idea that â€Å"rock’s musical characteristics indicated a general decline in American taste,† (Schloss, Starr, and Waterman 1-75). While teenagers danced to the sounds of the modified twelve-bar blues accompanying Richard’s shouting vocal style and countertenor whoops, parents instinctively cringed in disapproval of the blatantly suggestive lyrics. Hit songs by Little Richard such as â€Å"Tutti-Frutti,† (Penniman, 1955) and â€Å"Long Tall Sally,† (Penniman, 1956) contained lyrics that were generally non-specific, but overall relatively sexual for the time. Richard’s scandalous appearance, behavior, and song lyrics embodied a sexual tension that managed to both intrigue teenage audiences, and inspire fellow performers. It is this same sexual tension that made society at large not only generally uncomfortable, but also concerned about what other ludicrous notions rock and roll would try to impose upon American culture in the future. Little Richard used rock and roll as a platform to rattle the cages of the music industry, and change society’s concept of what was acceptable, what was normal, and most of all what was popular. It was Richard’s unique image and abrasive song content that simultaneously intrigued and shocked American society in the early 1950s. American teenagers of this time appreciated the power of Little Richard’s performance and embraced Little Richard as the new spirit of rock and roll. Unfortunately, â€Å"in 1957 Richard denounced his work and joined the church†¦clos[ing] his most creative period,† (Oxford University Press). Although the momentum of his influence eventually slowed, it never quite stopped. Rock and roll performers such as Jerry Lee Lewis, the Beatles, and the American Creedence Clearwater Revival all provide examples of music inspired by the work of Little Richard, proving the power of his influence and solidifying the lasting impression that he left on rock and roll.

Previous knowledge of the novel Essay

From your reading of Chapters 1, 2 and 26 of â€Å"Jane Eyre†, as well as any previous knowledge of the novel you might have, write about the links you begin to see between that text and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892 for a number of specific purposes, including the author’s desire to raise awareness of the condition post-partum depression, from which she suffered, and to illustrate her views on the patriarchal nature and the inequality of Victorian society, particularly with relation to marriage. Perhaps most importantly, Gilman wanted to expose the flaws in the male treatments propositioned for post-partum depression and other similar conditions; treatments from which she herself ailed even more than from her ‘nervous disorder’ when waylaid in bed, much like the narrator of her novella – albeit to a less extreme end. By contrast, Charlotte Bronti ‘s â€Å"Jane Eyre† has no such definite intentions, but acts most prominently as a bildungsroman and a partial autobiography, which leads to a very different treatment of characters as constructs rather than as Gilman’s use of them as representations. While Bronti ‘s characters in â€Å"Jane Eyre† cannot be labelled with much more precision than Mr. Rochester’s standing as a Byronic hero, the characters in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are clearly intended for various purposes. The most obvious examples are John, the narrator’s husband, who embodies the Victorian male and the Victorian physician, and the narrator herself, who is intended to represent all of womankind subjected to the aforementioned Victorian male doctor. A commonality between the two novels exists in their inclusion of characters exhibiting madness. There can be drawn many similarities between the two differing presentations, including an obvious physical manifestation of insanity. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, as the narrator falls into madness – and particularly at the end of the novel when she has succumbed to it entirely – Gilman depicts her ‘creeping by daylight’ about her room, ‘crawling’ on the floor, ’round and round and round’, after having the narrator herself earlier assert that ‘most women do not creep by daylight’, therefore proleptically implying something abnormal about herself. In â€Å"Jane Eyre†, this same physicality is used by Bronti in her presentation of Bertha Mason Rochester, as she is first introduced to Jane and to the readers ‘on all fours†¦ like some strange wild animal’. Bertha is said to have ‘snatched and growled’, and ‘laid her teeth to [Mr. Rochester’s] neck’, which is an animalistic image also shown by Gilman when she has her narrator say she ‘bit off a little piece’ of her bed. Both authors are in this way very deliberate in creating the metaphor of their insane characters being animals; Bronti refers to Bertha through her narrator Jane as a ‘beast’, a ‘wild animal’ and a ‘clothed hyena’, and besides these more obvious physical links, there are also allusions to hair ‘wild as a mane’, ‘a fierce cry’, an instance in which the woman ‘bellowed’, and her ‘stature almost equalling her husband’, who is built athletically, so this comparison therefore reinforces Bronti ‘s presentation of Bertha as something of a behemoth – her name even bears a visual similarity to the words ‘beast’ or ‘bear’. There are several other parallels discernable between Bronti ‘s Bertha and Gilman’s narrator, for example in â€Å"Jane Eyre† Bertha commits the mortal sin of suicide by jumping out of an upstairs window after burning down the house in her final act of freedom, while in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Gilman’s narrator is far more trapped than the character of Bertha, so she can only express a desire to ‘jump out of the window†¦ but the bars are too strong even to try’, and before that Gilman had had her narrator state: ‘I thought seriously of burning the house – to reach the smell’. Both identical actions are used by the two authors to illustrate their characters’ insanity and an implicit breaking down of social norms; and especially a desire for suicide that goes against the core of human nature in our intrinsic survival instinct, which was a deviation seen before in the presentation of the two women as animals rather than human beings. Bertha is referred to by Bronti through Jane Eyre as an ‘it’, solidifying this idea of her insanity rendering her inhuman. However, the marked difference between the protagonist of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and one of the antagonists of â€Å"Jane Eyre† is indeed the fact that Bertha has the freedom to carry out her insane thoughts, while Gilman has created in her novella such an image of imprisonment that her own character fails to complete either undertaking. This idea is crucial to Gilman’s message of women’s entrapment in a Victorian patriarchal society, and therefore contributes to the novella’s effectiveness. On the other hand, since â€Å"Jane Eyre† was not written with such a definite intention as â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the actions of Bertha are designed to contribute to the plot of the novel more than to convey a message about the treatment of women, the mentally insane or the handicapped, though the latter readings could also be taken. A more obvious difference between the two novels is that it is the autodiegetic narrator we can assume to be called Jane of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† that exhibits insanity, thereby directly demonstrating to the reader the lack of cohesion in her mind, while in â€Å"Jane Eyre† Bertha’s insanity is regarded by the readers through the eyes of Bronti ‘s eponymous narrator. Additionally, while the reader experiences the breakdown of the narrator’s mind from sanity to its loss in the former text, in the latter the only experience given to the reader of Bertha is of her already mentally degraded, with no transformation shown, and little information given about her prior to the exhibition of her allegedly genetic insanity. Bronti emphasises the fact that the reader is not given the whole story of her character Bertha through the interesting manipulation of her narrator. Despite the fact that Jane Eyre is an autodiegetic narrator, the same as that of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, in the scene in which she is presented with Bertha, and indeed in ensuing scenes featuring Mr. Rochester’s first wife, Jane Eyre becomes more of a homodiegetic narrator – simply conveying the events before her but clearly on the edges of a much deeper story and a more extensive narrative than she has the ability or knowledge to recount.

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass This is a table of the elemental composition of the human body by mass for a 70 kg (154 lb) person. The values for any particular person may be different, especially for the trace elements. Also, the element composition does not scale linearly. For example, a person who is half the mass may not contain half the amount of a given element. The molar amount of the most abundant elements is given in the table. You may also wish to view the element composition of the human body in terms of mass percent. Reference: Emsley, John, The Elements, 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998 Table of Elements in the Human Body by Mass oxygen 43 kg (61%, 2700 mol) carbon 16 kg (23%, 1300 mol) hydrogen 7 kg (10%, 6900 mol) nitrogen 1.8 kg (2.5%, 129 mol) calcium 1.0 kg (1.4%, 25 mol) phosphorus 780 g (1.1%, 25 mol) potassium 140 g (0.20%, 3.6 mol) sulfur 140 g (0.20%, 4.4 mol) sodium 100 g (0.14%, 4.3 mol) chlorine 95 g (0.14%, 2.7 mol) magnesium 19 g (0.03%, 0.78 mol) iron 4.2 g fluorine 2.6 g zinc 2.3 g silicon 1.0 g rubidium 0.68 g strontium 0.32 g bromine 0.26 g lead 0.12 g copper 72 mg aluminum 60 mg cadmium 50 mg cerium 40 mg barium 22 mg iodine 20 mg tin 20 mg titanium 20 mg boron 18 mg nickel 15 mg selenium 15 mg chromium 14 mg manganese 12 mg arsenic 7 mg lithium 7 mg cesium 6 mg mercury 6 mg germanium 5 mg molybdenum 5 mg cobalt 3 mg antimony 2 mg silver 2 mg niobium 1.5 mg zirconium 1 mg lanthanum 0.8 mg gallium 0.7 mg tellurium 0.7 mg yttrium 0.6 mg bismuth 0.5 mg thallium 0.5 mg indium 0.4 mg gold 0.2 mg scandium 0.2 mg tantalum 0.2 mg vanadium 0.11 mg thorium 0.1 mg uranium 0.1 mg samarium 50 g beryllium 36 g tungsten 20 g

Free Essays on The Way Of The World

â€Å"The Way of the World† as a Restoration Comedy: Restoration Comedy is a type of Restoration Drama, which is related with the manners and attitudes of the characters and what the audience laugh at them after the pursuit of sex and money. In a way, the Comedy of Manners is a witty, and cerebral form of dramatic comedy that depicts and often satirizes the manners and affectations of a contemporary society. A comedy of manners is concerned with social usage and the question of whether or not characters meet certain social standards. The plot of such a comedy, usually concerned with an illicit love affair or similarly scandalous matter, is subordinate to the play's brittle atmosphere, witty dialogue, criticism and commentary on human foibles. â€Å"The Way of the World† which is written by William Congreve, is a restoration comedy play with its witty dialogues between the characters, criticism of the upper class people’s manners and also satiric and effective scenes such as lady and maid; unmasking scene of male libertine and proviso scene that ends in a lyrical celebration of unity. â€Å"The Way of the World† (1700), in fact â€Å"a world of wit and pleasure inhabited by persons of quality and deformed neither by realism nor by farce† (Congreve, p.401) which has come to be regarded as one of the great comedies in the English language. The plays of Congreve are considered the greatest achievement of Restoration comedy. They are comedies of manners, depicting an artificial and narrow world as explained above, peopled by characters of nobility and fashion, to whom manners, especially gallantry, are more important than morals such as Mirabell, Lady Wishfort, and Fainall. No doubt, Congreve’s view of mankind is amused and cynical. His characters are constantly engaged in complicated intrigues, usually centering around money like Mirabell, which involve mistaken identities like Mrs.Marwood, the signing or not signing of legal documents, ... Free Essays on The Way Of The World Free Essays on The Way Of The World â€Å"The Way of the World† as a Restoration Comedy: Restoration Comedy is a type of Restoration Drama, which is related with the manners and attitudes of the characters and what the audience laugh at them after the pursuit of sex and money. In a way, the Comedy of Manners is a witty, and cerebral form of dramatic comedy that depicts and often satirizes the manners and affectations of a contemporary society. A comedy of manners is concerned with social usage and the question of whether or not characters meet certain social standards. The plot of such a comedy, usually concerned with an illicit love affair or similarly scandalous matter, is subordinate to the play's brittle atmosphere, witty dialogue, criticism and commentary on human foibles. â€Å"The Way of the World† which is written by William Congreve, is a restoration comedy play with its witty dialogues between the characters, criticism of the upper class people’s manners and also satiric and effective scenes such as lady and maid; unmasking scene of male libertine and proviso scene that ends in a lyrical celebration of unity. â€Å"The Way of the World† (1700), in fact â€Å"a world of wit and pleasure inhabited by persons of quality and deformed neither by realism nor by farce† (Congreve, p.401) which has come to be regarded as one of the great comedies in the English language. The plays of Congreve are considered the greatest achievement of Restoration comedy. They are comedies of manners, depicting an artificial and narrow world as explained above, peopled by characters of nobility and fashion, to whom manners, especially gallantry, are more important than morals such as Mirabell, Lady Wishfort, and Fainall. No doubt, Congreve’s view of mankind is amused and cynical. His characters are constantly engaged in complicated intrigues, usually centering around money like Mirabell, which involve mistaken identities like Mrs.Marwood, the signing or not signing of legal documents, ...

A Guide to Abbreviations

A Guide to Abbreviations A Guide to Abbreviations A Guide to Abbreviations By Mark Nichol Abbreviations are a sometimes necessary evil, but with the power to employ them comes great responsibility. This post outlines types of abbreviations and associated guidelines. An abbreviation is a shortening of a word or phrase, either by truncation or by abridgement by way of using only the first letter of each word of the term in turn (though sometimes more than the first letter is included, and occasionally, in the interest of creating an easily pronounceable abbreviation, one or more words are not represented). In the case of truncation, a word is whittled down to the first letter or first several letters, or the first and last letters (and sometimes others). Thus, L or R might be used in place of left or right as a directional indicating positioning of people, place, or things in a caption for a photograph or other figure. Job titles are often abbreviated to the first few letters of a word as in military ranks (major and gen. for major and general) and political offices (sen. and rep. for senator and representative). Exceptions in the former category include sgt. for sergeant and capt. for captain. In American English, abbreviations for social titles usually reduce a word to its first and last letters, followed by a period, as in the case of Mr. and Dr., and common abbreviations follow this form (as in the case of hr. for hour, though the abbreviations for second and minute are the truncations sec. and min.). Two other types of abbreviation are the acronym and the initialism. In both categories, a string of words is reduced to (usually) the first letter of each word; the distinction is that an acronym, as the element -onym (Greek for â€Å"name† or â€Å"word†) indicates, is pronounced as a word, as in the case of NASA, whereas an initialism, as the name suggests, is sounded out letter by letter, as in FBI. Most people are not aware of (or do not give any thought to) the distinction, but it is important in this sense. Because acronyms are treated as words, they are not preceded by an article (one writes â€Å"NASA was established in 1958,† not â€Å"The NASA was established in 1958†); by contrast, an article precedes an initialism (as in â€Å"The FBI launched the investigation in January,† not â€Å"FBI launched the investigation in January†). Exceptions occur when an acronym is used adjectivally (â€Å"The NASA project is underway†) and in periodical headlines (â€Å"FBI Launches Investigation†). In American English, acronyms and initialisms are often distinguished by styling the former in small caps and the latter in full-size capital letters, though abbreviations of more than four letters are often, after long usage as capitalized terms, treated as regular words, as in the case of Nasdaq, a proper noun (an abbreviation of â€Å"National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations†) and radar (from â€Å"radio detection and ranging†). Unfamiliar acronyms and initialisms are usually introduced to readers in parentheses immediately after the first reference to the entity by its full name, after which the abbreviation alone is sufficient (or the abbreviation is simply used after the first reference without the parenthetical signal, as long as the next reference appears soon after the first one), but common abbreviations need no such introduction. However, whether an abbreviation is considered transparent or otherwise is up to a specific publication or publisher to decide, based on its readership’s familiarity with the term. (Companies should keep a record of such usage in a house style guide; see also this post.) Another consideration, though, is to avoid cluttering a piece of writing with numerous abbreviations, which smacks of jargon. If a term is used only occasionally, it may be better to spell it out in each case. Another strategy to avoid frequent repetition of acronyms or initialisms is to sometimes replace the term with a generic reference such as â€Å"the agency,† â€Å"the law,† â€Å"the program,† and so on. Writers should avoid redundancy in using acronyms and initialisms, where widespread usage obscures the wording of the phrase from which the abbreviation is formed, so that reference is too often made to, for example, ATM machines (the M stands for machine) and PIN numbers (number is represented by the N). â€Æ' A variation of use of acronyms is syllabic abbreviation, in which terms consist of parts of, or one or more syllables of, one or more words; examples include Interpol (â€Å"international police†) and nicknames for urban areas such as SoHo (denoting â€Å"south of Houston Street†) in New York City. In general, lowercase abbreviations include periods (as in the case of i.e., a.m., and m.p.h.), and uppercase abbreviations omit them (as with MD, US, and ABC). However, specialized publications, especially those pertaining to science and technology, often do not use periods in either case, and note that shorthand for metric terms is considered a system of symbols rather than abbreviations, so periods are never used with cm (centimeter) or kg (kilogram), for example. Certain treatments of initials in names are treated differently in some publications: According to The Chicago Manual of Style, the style guide of record for most book publishers and many publications, a letter space should separate two or more initials in a name, as in A. B. See. However, the Associated Press Style Book avoids spaces when possible, including in names. Initials used in lieu of an entire name, such as those for famous politicians and other public figures, are universally formatted without spaces or periods, as in JFK and MLK. Most publications and publishers do not use apostrophes when pluralizing an abbreviation, as in PCs and URLs. For some specialized terms, such as abbreviated terms for units of measure, no plural is indicated in the abbreviation (so, for example, lb. applies to one or more pounds); another exception is abbreviations in baseball: â€Å"Runs batted in,† for example, is abbreviated as RBI. Use of informal abbreviation (lulz and the like) has proliferated since the advent of online social media, but this trend has not been accepted into formal usage and should be avoided except in casual writing and in communication among family and friends. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†44 Resume Writing TipsFew vs. Several

What is the evidence on Parents or Family role in Childhood Obesity in Literature review

What is the evidence on Parents or Family role in Childhood Obesity in UK - Literature review Example According to the BHF (2012), at least 33% of girls and 25% of boys aged 2-19 years in the UK are obese. That notwithstanding, it is projected that the prevalence of childhood obesity will be around 10.7% or higher by the years 2015 (BHF 2012). In a study conducted by the National Child Measurement Programme in 2012, it was ascertained that an estimated 33.9% of all children between 10 and 11 years of age in England are overweight (BHF 2012). When parents find it less important to define what their children should eat or what they should not, it becomes a pivotal issue as to how much parents determine the state of their children’s health. According to Kellow (2012), one in every ten parents in the UK raises concerns about their children’s low body weight. Conversely, about 33% of mother and 57% of fathers considered the weight of their children as normal when such children were actually obese (Stamatakis et al. 2010; Ferry 2013). Whereas the majority of parents in the UK are too busy to plan healthy diet for their children, 73% do not care what their children watch or eat outside the home (Kellow 2012). In contrast, few parents encourage their children to take regular exercise while others are less concerned with the eating behavior of children during school hours. As a result, nine in every ten children indulge in junk food with high calories, high fat and sugar content but little vitamins or minerals as noted by Ferry (2013). The unfortunate fact is that parents in the UK are becoming used to the picture and there is little effort to address that issue yet obesity costs the country over  £2 billion every year in addition to reducing victim’s life by 9 years (BHF 2012). The importance of conducting this research revolves around the fact that lifestyle diseases are the leading cause of deaths globally. Unfortunately, children are

Plan for Establishing a Career Development Function HRD 420 Research Paper

Plan for Establishing a Career Development Function HRD 420 - Research Paper Example In this discussion, I will provide comprehensive information concerning my plans for the development of career function in the Transliners Company. I am a Human Resource Manager at a Company known as the Transliners; it is a transport Company that offers the Public local transportation services by use of Buses and Cars that are hired. The Company also transports luggage and other goods; I have conducted substantial research and found out that the transportation business is a very crucial and sensitive sector that requires personnel with properly developed careers. This will be the first step I will take in the development of the careers of the employees at the Transliners Company. It shall involve identification of the available capacities, knowledge and skills that are currently possessed by the employees (Rouda 2008). This assessment shall be undertaken through different five imperative steps involving: Conducting a gap analysis study which will provide data on available and lacking pertinent career development aspects. The second stage under needs assessment will be identification of the Company’s interests as well as the priority and the need for career development among the employees. Consequently, the third step will encompass identification of the possible employee performance challenges that may arise due to poor career planning. This step shall be followed by, undertaking a comparison by finding out future challenges that may occur among the employees if the career development function is not conducted. Finally, I will communi cate my findings to the top managers on the importance of a proper career development function in the Company. This shall involve the identification and evaluation of new ideologies, skills, experiences and knowledge that various employees possess and those that they would like to acquire. The objective of formulating the goals shall be driven by several questions such as:

Department of Political Economy _MA Public Policy _The Third Sector Essay

Department of Political Economy _MA Public Policy _The Third Sector and Public Policy - Essay Example Introduction Social, economical, and political spheres are critical in the wellbeing of society. These three spheres are inextricably linked, that is, the functioning of one sphere greatly relies on that of the other. Generally, public policies are shaped by economical, political, and social actions. The third sectors are critical in public policy as they integrate a wide range of institutions (governmental and non- governmental) into attaining set public policy objectives. Social capital is greatly considered as one of the key ingredients of the Third Sector and public policy (Coleman, 1988, p. 95). It is against this background that it is important to discuss what the term â€Å"social capital† means and its importance to public services. The term â€Å"social capital† has increasingly become the lexicon of everyday language; the term is gaining increasing popularity in public policy even though it is relatively new concept in the field of public policy. The term â₠¬Å"social capital† is defined in a number of ways. Even though there are different definitions to the term, there are certain aspects that create a point of convergence among all the users of the term. The users of this term agree that any definition of â€Å"social capital† should include some if not all of the following aspects: connection between individuals; clear distinction between economical and social capital; presence of contradictory and different social processes; involvement of reciprocity and trust principles; non- monetary forms of power and influence; and focus on positive aspects of social life (Portes, 1998, p. 8-9). So, how is â€Å"social capital† defined? According to the World Bank (1999), social capital encompasses norms, institutions, and relationships that shape the quantity and quality of interactions within the society. It implies that social capital is not simply the sum of institutions, norms and interactions that underpin the society, but rather they act as glue that holds the society together. Also, social capital is defined as the connections among individuals, norms of trustworthiness and reciprocity and social networks that arise from connections among individuals (Putnam 2000, p. 19). From this definition, it can be deduced that social capital requires that civic virtue be embedded in the reciprocal social relations. This is because a society needs connected and virtuous individuals for it to be considered rich in social capital. (Bourdieu 1983, p. 249) defines social capital as the aggregate of the potential or actual resources, which are connected to possession of a long-lasting network of institutionalized relationships of mutual recognition and acquaintance. From the above definitions, it is evidently clear that the term â€Å"social capital† cannot be defined entirely in a single definition that can cover all the aspects. The definition of this term seems to stem from a basic concern of explorin g processes of ensuring that there is equal access to resources, differentiation of power, and diminishing the essence of creation of elites and class formation. In most cases, the term â€Å"social capital† is defined against the term â€Å"economic capital†. Actually, there is a belief among many proponents of social capital that the concept seeks to correct the â€Å"wrongs† created by economic capital in the society (Alcock, 2010, p.

Transaction Cost Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Transaction Cost Economics - Essay Example However, "TCE's main theme is that transactions -which differ in their attributes - are aligned with governance structures-which differ in their costs and competencies - in a discriminating, economizing way"- Roland F. Spekle (2001). It may be observed that some organizations use very extensive and formal planning to direct their efforts, whereas other organizations may not attach that much importance for planning. Similarly rules, procedures and standards dominate the working of some firms while individual judgments provide the basis of working in other firms. Although, these phenomena do not find any statutory explanation for such organisational behaviours, Management Control theory has come a long way in providing satisfactory explanations in this direction. On a similar footing "TCE studies organization from a comparative point of view in which different institutional arrangements are considered alternative ways to organize economic activity" - Roland F. Spekle (2001). TCE tries to explain the rationale behind the behaviour of an organization in getting some transactions executed within the same organization while some other transactions are getting outsourced. The TCE's reasoning to this specific attitude of the firms lies in the fact a specific institutional arrangement is chosen to govern a specific transaction because that arrangement offers some distinctive set of control devices. Another filed of economics which deals with the organisational behaviours is the Evolutionary theories which have a long tradition in the literatures of socio-economics and strategic management and have influenced recent studies of the evolution of management accounting systems. "A review of the literature of economic indicates that three main concepts are at the core of evolutionary thinking: institutionalization, capabilities and learning and change". - Alan F. Coad and John Cullen (2006). Thus Evolutionary Theories also centre on the basic concepts of organizational change s due to these three factors. This paper envisages describing the basics of Transaction Cost Economics and Evolutionary Theories, the nature of their relationships and their relative contribution to Management Accounting. 2.0 TRANSACTION COST ECONOMICS (TCE): Transaction Cost Economics is most associated with the work of Oliver Williamson. It must be emphasized that while Williamson's work is very distinctive, it falls well within mainstream economic thinking. It is sometimes said that TCE attempts to explain why firms exist. That is why there are some transactions directed by managers in the context of a hierarchy, as opposed to taking place in an open market. It's more accurate, though to say that TCE tries to explain the particular structure of a firm, most importantly, the extent to which it will integrate vertically. Williamson's theory is based on the assumption that the primary aim of firms is profit maximising and that involves cost minimization. He also tried to make distinction between transaction costs and production costs. Production costs are assumed to be those which are incurred to build and run an 'ideal business setup' and transaction costs are those incurred for departure from the ideal set up. As it is the fact that the existence of the 'ideal set up' requires a perfectly efficient market and the prerequisites of such a market are the factors like availability of full information to all the parties and perfect competition among other requirements. Departures from these idealistic set up can

Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 Essay

Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 - Essay Example But in course of time the merchants became the master of the land2. Like Dutch, the Danish started a Danish East India Company in 1616 and established factories at Tranquebar in 1620 and Serampore in 1676. But they sold of their factories to the British in 1845 for Rs. 12, 50,000. The Ostend Company was similarly started by Flemish merchants in 1723. Its chief settlement in India was at Bankibazar, three miles north of Barrackpur. A Swedish East India Company was chartered in 1731. All these projects, after sometime, could not stand the test of time3. The victory of the English over the Spanish Armada and the report of the immense wealth of India spread by the English travellers like Ralph Fitch and Mildenball aroused in the minds of Englishmen a strong desire to trade with the East. With this end in a view body of English merchants applied to Queen Elizabeth for a charter granting them the right of trading in the East. In 1600, Queen Elizabeth granted them under the title, ‘The Governor And Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies’ - a monopoly of trade in the East for a term of 15 years. This company is generally known as East India Company. India was the bone of contention between England and France but as a result of three Carnatic Wars fought from 1746 to 1761, the East India Company had established her superiority in India. As a result of her success in the wars amongst European Powers in the 18th Century, England emerged as the mistress of the seas4. There is no doubt that the permanent settlement made the British government highly popular and gave stability to its administration. The causes those were responsible for the success of the English Company. Firstly it was a private enterprise. This created a spirit of self-reliance among the people. They knew that if they worked hard, they would be able to get profits and if they slacked, they were to be ruined. The result was English company

Paper about TANF known by americans as welfare Essay

Paper about TANF known by americans as welfare - Essay Example It advocates the need for jobs, marriages, two parent families and also tries to prevent out of marriage pregnancies. Sharon Hays through her book â€Å"Flat Broke with Children† gives us an interesting insight into the world of the social workers who aid in carrying out the welfare programs under TANF and also tell us the story from the view points of those who receive the aid. TANF which came in place of the Emergency Assistance program (EA), the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (JOBS) was a welcome change to the social workers who all were involved with various welfare organizations throughout the United States of America. As Hays (2004) points out â€Å" most of welfare caseworkers I met were optimistic about the new law, at least in the first year of its enactment.....a number of case workers, echoing popular sentiment, told me that welfare had become a trap and the clients had become dependentâ₠¬  (Hays, 2004, p. 4). So the social workers felt that to impart training to the poor clients and make them suitable for various jobs would be a change of scenario, both for the worker and the recipient. However as Hays travels through the various phases of this program and meets various clients and aid workers over an extended period of time she finds many pitfalls in this assistance program. Though facts and figures prove that this program is a resounding success but as we travel with Hays we find that not everything is as rosy as it seems. Her research work which nearly extended for about three years gives us, in vivid details, as to the happenings in the various welfare program offices and in the homes of the recipients of this aid. She explores the various social values that this aid program tries to instill in its recipients and the inherent contradictions that arise while trying to apply these values in every day

Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 Essay

Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 - Essay Example But in course of time the merchants became the master of the land2. Like Dutch, the Danish started a Danish East India Company in 1616 and established factories at Tranquebar in 1620 and Serampore in 1676. But they sold of their factories to the British in 1845 for Rs. 12, 50,000. The Ostend Company was similarly started by Flemish merchants in 1723. Its chief settlement in India was at Bankibazar, three miles north of Barrackpur. A Swedish East India Company was chartered in 1731. All these projects, after sometime, could not stand the test of time3. The victory of the English over the Spanish Armada and the report of the immense wealth of India spread by the English travellers like Ralph Fitch and Mildenball aroused in the minds of Englishmen a strong desire to trade with the East. With this end in a view body of English merchants applied to Queen Elizabeth for a charter granting them the right of trading in the East. In 1600, Queen Elizabeth granted them under the title, ‘The Governor And Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies’ - a monopoly of trade in the East for a term of 15 years. This company is generally known as East India Company. India was the bone of contention between England and France but as a result of three Carnatic Wars fought from 1746 to 1761, the East India Company had established her superiority in India. As a result of her success in the wars amongst European Powers in the 18th Century, England emerged as the mistress of the seas4. There is no doubt that the permanent settlement made the British government highly popular and gave stability to its administration. The causes those were responsible for the success of the English Company. Firstly it was a private enterprise. This created a spirit of self-reliance among the people. They knew that if they worked hard, they would be able to get profits and if they slacked, they were to be ruined. The result was English company

Literature review and best practices for STEMI care Essay

Literature review and best practices for STEMI care - Essay Example Lee (2009) suggested that physicians should initiate the catheterization laboratory without necessary consulting the cardiologists. In some cases, some patients that have been referred for PPCI do not get optimum percutaneous reperfusion and at the right time with an experienced group (Tubaro et al., 2011). PCI aims to open the artery as soon as possible after its blockade, preferably within 90minutes (Cardiosmart.org, 2014). The recommended time for the treatment of patients with PCI capability is a maximum of 90 minutes. For those without PCI capability, they should receive medical attention in the first 30minutes of arrival at a hospital. The treatment is basically fibrinolytic therapy. Paramedic bypass of the protocols of emergency care reduced the number of minutes of the door to balloon time. From the study, there was an improvement of over 28 % percent. Before the initiation of paramedic by pass protocol, the average time needed was about 107 minutes. These saw an improvement of about thirty-seven minutes with an average time coming down to 70 percent. However, the study recommends for further studies to determine the outcome of those patients who were taken care of by these paramedics (Cheskeset al, 2011). In the observation by Pitta et al (2010), it was noted that most of the time lost is on the acquisition of an electrocardiogram and most of the patients never had an electrocardiogram conducted on them because of the delays. Hence, from the case study, the authors emphasize on the need to have a Pre-hospital electro cardiogram to conduct to aid in reducing the door to balloon time. In the study conducted by Wilson et al, (2010) to assess the impact of interdepartmental collaboration on door to balloon time reduction, the authors observes that there is a great improvement on time reduction with emergency department physician activation of cardiac catheterization laboratory followed with instantaneous transfer in

Dropout of school Essay Example for Free

Dropout of school Essay The Huffington Post recently ran an article entitled, Americas School Dropout Epidemic By The Numbers about Americas dropout problem. I would like to add my opinions about why children drop out of school. I am a professional educator who served as a classroom teacher, school counselor and school administrator in the New York City school system for over 33 years. I believe that there are five major reasons why children leave school: 1. The students themselves They make wrong decisions. They get involved with gangs, drugs/alcohol, get pregnant and commit crimes. Many have a poor school attitude and are frequently bored by school. They are disconnected to their families, school and life. They do not see the reasons they need to go to school. They are not involved in school activities and lack self-esteem. Some have been promoted lacking skills needed for promotion. Some have undergone major illnesses and have missed too many days of school and have been informed that they will be held back. Because of many of the conditions listed above, they have been suspended and have fallen behind in their work and see little purpose of returning to school. 2. The family they come from There is often a clash between the family values and those of the school. Frequently, their parents have dropped out of school themselves. The students come from families from low socio-economic backgrounds, where there are many other children. Older children often have to go to work in order to supply the family with much-needed funds for basic family needs or need to stay home to take care of younger siblings so that their parents can work. Many children come from non-English speaking homes with high mobility. Single parent homes have become the norm in the United States. Many children are products of divorce, separation or, sometimes, family violence. hey are not being raised by parents, but rather by aunts, uncles and grandparents. Families are not meeting some childrens basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. 3. The community they come from Many children live on the wrong side of the tracks in places where education is not valued, where drugs, gangs and violence abound. And where schools are low-performing, they often lack community and health support. 4. The schools they attend The schools are toxic to student learning, students, parents and staff. Students are suspended for minor infractions (such as talking back to the teacher), or placed in remedial classes. The schools have a culture of low expectations. They lack adequate guidance counseling. The curriculum is not relevant to the needs of the students being taught. Passive instructional strategies are being used without regard to individual student learning styles. Teachers are not trained in the latest teaching/learning/technology techniques. Funding is based on property values so that low-income neighborhoods receive less funding than wealthy neighborhoods. Because some states pass budgets in a less than timely matter, teachers are not hired in time producing over-sized classrooms. 5. The teachers they have The least-experienced, least classroom-trained teachers are often assigned to the most difficult schools. They enter the field with the expectation that they have been adequately prepared by the schools of education with the skills they need and they havent received. (See Arthur Levine, Educating School Teachers) They are leaving the field faster than colleges can prepare them. The teacher dropout rate is higher than the student dropout rate. Forty-six percent of teachers leave the field within five years. When asked why they leave, a majority state that they havent been properly prepared, have had increased demands placed on them because of high stakes testing and are not getting adequate support from their supervisors in dealing with classroom discipline. Like all generalities, there are exceptions to the information provided above. But, by and large, the statistics bear them out.

Employers Responsibility For Health And Safety

Employers Responsibility For Health And Safety Examine how an employers responsibility for ensuring health and safety of employees has changed in the transition from industrial to post- industrial systems and consider how stress, depressive disorders and harassment have become increasingly significant issues in the context of labour protection. Introduction In modern era belief of every organization is to provide safer working place in comparison with past industrial period. It means workers can do work at minimize risk and as concluded it is clear that most of the regulations regarding this concern is redundant. International Labour Organization (ILO) and World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that maximum degree of physical, mental and social welfare of employees has promoted and maintained by health and safety measure at work in every sectors of an economy: by providing better working conditions to employees will be the cause of securing changing from one place to another by workers because health related problems., securing employees from various factors those are able to put negative impact upon health, provide adequate work environment by which an employee can adjust him or herself in terms of physiological and psychological abilities to employees and precise how employees can adjust according to nature of work and job. In the context of Union complete explanation has been presented regarding this concern of Health and Safety that covers topic of minimizing the condition of accidents on work place and anticipation of disease for the purpose promotes welfare of employees. In the Article 153(1 and 2) TFEU presents the capability of European Union to intercede regarding this particular meadow, by which council has right to provide sufficient and effective working condition for the purpose to secure health and safety of workers by adopting various means of guidelines, improvements in working environment (Single European Act 1986 specifies this particular provision). Enormous scope has developed by this regulations that determines the policy of health and safety which is originated by the European Union that enable to protect minimum standards to secure welfare of employees. After the enforcement of the Single European Act in the year 1986 directed towards the modern impulsion of securing health and security steps has adopted by the board of this committee. In treaty of EEC, under the new Article 118A EEC there is an operational provision which provide instrument to deal with health and safety at work very first time. By this Article Ministry can emphasize upon the guidelines that determine to secure health and security at work. Under Article 118A now Article 153(2) TFEU presents what are the minimum standard securing health and safety at work. On behalf of this principle, standard of protection has been lifted by the Member States form the minimum standards. Therefore on behalf of this strategy Member states may not able to introduce inflexible measures for the purpose to secure favour of employees in terms of health and safety. Development of Laws: Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Health and safety at Work Act that covers occupational health and safety in the UK. Broad obligations enforced by this Act for protecting health and safety measures of employees and of others such as producers, suppliers and etc. The prior responsibilities of employers: For all their employees provide health and safety measures and well being of employees. Development of written policy declaration that is able to clarify how they can plane their future actions. Consultation between unions and reps. Secure the favour of other linked company and contractors. Duty and responsibilities of employees Make sure that you are not working at risk and secure others from this situation. Cooperation is must with arrangements which are developed by employers for the purpose to protect safety and health. Supplementary health and safety responsibilities follow by the manager or supervisors. Where you are working, at this place make sure that your employer is able to provide sufficient safety and security measures without failing susceptible. Furthermore effective support can be share with rep of Health and Safety. Safety Representatives and safety Committees Regulation 1977: Under these regulations, in exception this context demands the 1974 Act means the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974: (1) In these Regulations, except the context otherwise requires The 1974 Act means the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974; Employment Protection Act 1975 is represented by Act of 1975: section 53(1) of the 1974 Act is able to present the meaning of employees and accordingly an employer is able to interpret it: trade union which is recognized: In the section 30(1) of the Trade Union and Labour Relation Act 1974 has describe about an independent trade union. In the section 29(1) of the Act, that is able to represent the concern of employers in terms of negotiations that related with more than one negotiations and its purposes is for those people who are employed by him, there were some recommendations that have been placed by the services of pacification and adjudication and all above comes under Employment Protection Act. Under the section 15 of this Act: particular person which is appointed by an employer for the purpose to ensure safety regulations under Regulation 3(1), he or she is re-preventative of safety: under section 53(1) of the 1974 Act it is clear that all those aspects comes under welfare at work those are utilize for the purpose to ensure health and safety measures on work to promote welfare of employees. For the purpose to provide duty and consultation require duty of an employer: According to the section 2(6) of the Health and Safety Act 1974, this is the responsibility of an employer to appoint a safety representative for the purpose to ensure: Factors those are able to put impact upon employees and all related with health and safety measures and take of that has taken by the safety representative. Under the regulation 6(1) and 7(1)(b) of the Management of Health and Safety on Work Regulation 1992, it is clear that safety representative will arrange a person to ensure safety and health measures. Under this Act there is a provision available and that clarifies that a representative is that person who is responsible to provide required information related with measures of health and safety to employees. Under the specified provision of this Act it is clear that safety representative is responsible to provide suitable training to employees. Under this Act this is the responsibility of safety representative is to provide adequate introduction about the technology. (2) Under the section 2(4) of the 1974 Act, a safety representative is require to execute further functions of an organization and that must be appointed by an employer. (a) This particular regulation has came into existence under the Management of Health and Safety at Work 1992, currently Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulation 1999 has taken place of previous one. (b) Now it is agreement with 7(1) and 8(1) of the Management of the Health and Safety at Work Regulation 1999 on other hand Article 13(3)(b) of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 Extensive range of basic health, welfare issues and safety measures comes under the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulation 1992 and all are enforceable on every aspects of working field under construction developing site related with underground mine or work on shipping fields and are far from these regulation. Modification regarding this regulation has been laid down on behalf of the Quarries Regulations 1999, all above mentioned sites which are far from the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 comes under different regulation such as: the Health and Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulation 2002, working on Height Regulation 2005 and another is the construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007. On behalf of above different and important regulations we can say that all are emphasize upon effective regulations on working site or work place. Duty of employers or requirement under these regulations: Under section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 clearly outline the duty and obligations of employers towards employees in terms of providing safety and health protection and by promoting wellbeing on work. People are responsible for other people or employees who are working in their sites and it is clarify under section 4 of the Act that it is the duty of people who own that particular site or premises. On behalf of this regulation duties of employers enlarge for the purpose to secure health and safety measures on particular working location and by this way this regulation is also able to provide sufficient facilities for maximizing wellbeing of employees on particular working location. People who are disabled or not able to do work with common employees but by this regulation they are enable to get benefits of proper health and safety measures and requirement of welfare. According to the Regulation 2(3), it is certifying that every employee is able to get benefits of that and it is suitable for all people, who works in particular working environment. Under this regulation it is mentioned that basic requirements for people who are disabled and all these facilities includes availability of passageways, stairs, wash-handbasin, shower, lavatories and workstations. Workplace This regulation is applicable for all type of workplace that included production space, offices, shops, medical institutions, hotels and entertainment spaces and many more. On other hand workplace are also included buildings in sharing, roads which are private, industrial paths ways, IT parks and business parks. The meaning of work is an employee or a person who is able to find self- employed. The meaning of premises of a place is that one, which is outdoor. Safety, wellbeing of employees, health on place of work: managers who are available for short direction. Premises which are domestic: place where private development is going on. Domestic premises are far from this regulation. Hotels, nursing homes, work environment and its parts where employment is available for staff and there all these regulations are applicable. Employer is liable only for his premises over which he has real control but that does not absolve him from the duty for ensuring for a safe system of work on the another premises. Person who is disabled: the meaning of disabled person is specified under section 1 of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. All above laws and regulations are able to define how duties and responsibilities are changing from past industrial situation to modern industrial environment Therefore according to the Health and Safety management what are the responsibilities of employer towards employs? Here all health and safety measures are available for the purpose to maximize the control upon responsibilities by employer and direct towards improvement by which employees can enhance their health and safety measures. Leadership of health and safety: if top management is active then it is sure that effective performance of health and safety can be establish there. For this purpose people who are available to provide health and safety measures training, ensure that all are properly aware about this particular procedure. Policy of health and safety: for the purpose to establish effective measure of health and safety and for further improvement, this is the responsibility of an employer to direct strong and effective policy of health and safety. Assessment of risk: it is most important responsibility of health and safety manager that regularly find available risk and make sure that solution for every kind of panic situation is available and always try to maintain sufficient working environment where any new hazard situation should not be happen. Find sufficient resources for health and safety: try to develop resources those are able to secure positive performance of health and safety. Make availability of staff for training purpose: for the purpose deal with uncertain situation and for future development of performance of health and safety, there should proper recruitment of training staff. Therefore employer always install new people for training purpose: Recruitment of new staff Join people with additional responsibilities at work. New and dynamic staff that are near to situation of accidents. Representatives of health and safety. Consultation with staff: for the purpose to secure measures of health and safety, consultation between employs and employer is require. It means that provide proper direction and guidance to employs. For this purpose there should be preparation of checklist to ensure employs are in right direction means towards proper health and safety measures. For this employer must execute reps and health and safety managers. These reps and managers are always available for to give conclusion and decisions regarding this concerns. All these measure of health and safety comes under directed Laws and regulations, thus all above measures should follow and apply all these measures of health and safety for the purpose to ensure favour of employees. There are two ways available by which a person is able to get satisfaction in his or her life but in other situation means if these two domains are situated with a person that will be the cause of stressful experience in life. Because of globalization economy of every nation is changing dramatically and able to generate new sources of jobs in terms of full time, part time and as self employed. Due to this changed environment of an economy, structure of work has also changed. In other manner we can say that due to increase in work load and changing pattern of work is the cause of stress and disorder. Means if employees are not able to meet with required performance on job it clearly shows the job insecurity that is also causing of disturbance in mental health. So it clearly indicates that increasing work pressure is related with increasing stress and disorder. There is negative impact upon employees mental health, performance at work and physical situation of employees and it is not e nough because of that personal and family life is also suffered and later prospective for liability of employer. Because of the psychological disturbance an employee face lots of problems such as addicted to alcohol and negative physical symptoms. According to health and safety executive, the management standards include the variables that controls and manages the issues related to the stress at work. The management standards do cover the following causes that are related to the stress at work. They include: Demands: the demand includes the work load, the shifts and work patterns and the environment at the workplace. Control: it includes the authorities that the people have at work. Support: it is the positive variable that includes the motivation power to encourage the worker that is given by the organisation, for example it includes the incentives that the worker is given by the organisation when worker does something good for the organisation. Relationships: it provides the positive working environment to avoid the growth of any kind of conflicts in the organisation that affect the work conditions and work environment at the work place. It also controls any kind of unacceptable behaviour in the work place. Role: it includes the behaviour that the organisation should ignore having any conflicting roles and therefore not to have any conflicting roles, the worker should understand their role in the organisation. Change: the change required from large to small or from small to large, how these organisations are managed and how the communication travels successfully in the organisation. The management standard does work in step by step process which involves the assessments in relation to the risks that are involved in an organisation. The surveys and questionnaires are used to assess the various psychological variables. The assessments done to overcome the risk involved that is related to the work stress includes and involves 1). To identify the characteristics that is related to the stress at the work, 2). Help the employers to stress upon the causes that are related to the stress at work and how to prevent such stressors at the work place. According to Parkes (1998), it talks about the stress and other psychological factors affecting the health of the workers. The study compares the onshore and offshore people and offshore workers experience more level of anxiety, sleeping disorders and more work pressure than onshore workers. The study also emphasised the importance of the fact that work conditions, work areas, organisations differences in relation to the set up and also subjective differences like age and personality do play an important role in health and safety issues and also the health behaviour in achieving the health and safety. The study also laid importance on the need to have more research in the area of offshore workers and also the need is required to have the prospective studies. According to health and safety at work place (2000), the research done to provide the incentives according to the rules of the legislation, the economic incentives should be given in to every sector but sometimes it is not much enough to motivate the employers and to encourage them for improving upon the health and safety measures at the work place. The principles that applied to the labour protection includes: 1) to see and supervise the work environment on the basis of the work load, 2). Provide protection and to provide health and safety against any kind of danger, 3). Provision of the emergency aid and to have first aid kit in the organisation, 4) the training and the information should be given to the employees before the new employer starts up the work. Stansfeld et al., (2003) did a study on the anxiety and depressive disorder on the basis of clinical interview schedule revised (CIS-R) was one of the disorder that was found among men and women but in most of the cases, it is found more among the women. It is an most occurring type of neurotic disorder under various occupations such as textile industry, garments, security type of occupations and out of which generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) found to be more prevalent. Therefore it is already defined by the health and safety authorities of European states that major risk is located with working in stressful situation that is also located with handlings of manual, some changes in working structure of an organization and employs that are young and risk factor is more with them. New risk was also identified in the seminar which was held in last year that risk is also situated with health and safety at work. This issue has also discussed in European parliament that number of risks are associated with health and safety of employs because of stress and disorder and solutions of that, it has discussed in The quality of Work seminar, held in Bilbao in April 2001 and this seminar was organized by Agency of the Swedish Presidency and the European Agency for safety and Health at Work. Now it Social is clearly indicated by the European Parliament and the European Economic and Committee that all issues are related with wider attention require regarding this con cern. In reality stress is related with mould of emotional, cognitive , physiological reactions and behavioural reactions as well and on behalf of that employs are not able to manage daily life included working life as well as personal life. Even because of that working atmosphere is also disturbed. Thus the commission is also worried regarding this concern and continuously working with number of organization such as European Union trends, priorities towards nation and for some another alternatives which have been defined by the institutions of EU. For the purpose to find solution of this risk and concerns commission is trying to find different alternative ways to resolve it or to minimize it. Therefore regarding this concern there is procedure to develop a strategy which is going on to minimize the risk of stress on work is going on and Commission is also working with guidance of the European Social Agenda and which was authorized by the Nice European Council in the year 2000 and this strategy will be based on how organizations can manage their employees in stressful situation. Regarding this concern the main thing is to find appropriate solution of that and try to find new risks which are associated with that. Regarding this concern Commission has already archived some sort of success to find alternatives to minimize stress on working environment which has been in the year 2000 the comprehensive document guidance on work related with stress. On behalf of this guidance organization and employees are able to do job in right direction. And by this way guidance is also available to find problems and solutions and reasons of stress. It has developed a proper and flexible way by which an action can be taken immediately. And also organizations which are working on national level are also handling the situation according to this guidance. The main motive of this step is to take prior prevention not to find suitable solution for that. On behalf of this step which has taken by the Commission and also new developments and initiatives has been discovered by them. Pressure of stress has been consider major concern because of the announcement of the long terms strategy investment in high quality jobs and standards of living and that step has been taken in the year 2001. Later some developments has been made in that directions, in the year 2002, the task has been given by the European Commission to the European Agency and that task was related with safety and health at work and that task knows as the European Week and that is related with stress that is related with work. Under this step it is assured by the European Commission that prevention can be taken in further development. In this task stakeholders from all around the work has been participated in that task. And later new community strategy on health and safety has been set up for the purpose to give new directions regarding this field. Stress on work considers as non-trivial and it is rework attitude of the people and due to that quality of life and health injuries can be faced by employees. Working in stress full situation has been seen as major issue in European Union and we can say that it has become a challenge in front of the member states of EU. But the main concern of the Commission is to enhance the life of employees in terms of providing safe working environment and also built strong image of an organization in terms of providing sufficient quality measures. A survey which has done by the Foundation of Europe 1996 and 2000 and this survey is related with working conditions, it has presented that 28% of the total employees filled complaint against problems those are cause of developing stress full situation and later by musculoskeletal it has presented that this data is nearly 30% and 33% respectively. According to the Cox et al, 2000 stated that somewhere around 50 to 60% employees walk out from their jobs because of stress problems. Because of that company or an organization has to face major problems in terms of human suffering and decreasing performance of economic conditions. Low morale of workers, turnover of labour, increasing absenteeism, walkout from jobs is the cause of increasing mental and physical health. Performance of employees is also related with mental and physical situation of workers. All around the world, situation is related with stress and disorder that is faced by employees and because of the different situation or increasing work load this has become broad issue and also it have been visualize by the media and socially governing bodies. Therefore for the purpose to secure the favour of employees in terms of health, safety and then on behalf of all these, the above measures are performed in an organization. Conclusion: From post-industrial environment to modern business environment, European Union and their member states has introduced various laws and regulations for the purpose to define responsibility of employers in terms of securing health and safety measures in an organization. First time, The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 was introduced by the EU and that law clearly defines role and responsibilities of employers towards employees.This Act has introduced to ensure five main objectives and those are already discussed in above section of this report. Later for the purpose to ensure development into existed working environment, further developments have been made in terms of modification of previous acts and laws. Later Safety Representative and Safety Committees Regulation 1977 have been introduced in terms modification of previous act. Then, The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 was enacted by member states of European Union.Interpretation of all above mentioned act s are able to define what are the duty and responsibilities of employer towards protecting favour of their employs in terms of ensuring health and safety measures and also to protect health of an organization in positive manner. Management of stress and mental distress depends upon effectiveness of policies which has developed by an organization itself, by providing training to line managers and through close relation between employees and health practitioners. Rising mental distress in an organization and disgrace which is attached to it therefore all comes under economic environment. For the purpose to ensure health and safety measures and stress level in an organization, only line manager is not involved in that process. Thus it shows coordination among each and every department in an organization. Simply it shows that if employer, line managers, reps, HR and health practitioners are able to work together in one roof in difficult economic environment and by this way employees will definitely be able to get support from their superiors to manage stress and mental disturbances. Therefore we can say that on behalf of these preventive measures, operation of an organization will be able to run smoothly. In an organization the support of line manger is available to manage stress level for the purpose to prevent negative impact upon employees but it is not sufficient with this support, employer guidance and support is required to protect favour of employs in terms of ensuring mental distress.

Memorial Hall in Philadelphia :: Architecture History

Memorial Hall The massive domed building in Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, is the only major structure remaining from the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. Memorial Hall served as the Art Gallery for the fair and was designed to become a permanent museum. The building was commissioned and paid for by the State of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. The budgeted amount for the hall was $1,500,000 and it cost just $64,000 more than planned. Although smaller than other major buildings at the 1876 fair, Memorial Hall is massive. Its footprint takes up an acre and a half. It is 365 by 210 feet, and 59 feet tall, with a 150-foot dome sitting on top. Below the building is a 12-foot deep basement. Perched atop the dome is a statue of Columbia standing 23 feet 6 inches tall. Three arched doorways each 15 feet wide and 40 feet high mark the entrance to the hall. The doors of the archways are made of iron and have bronze panels with reliefs of the coat of arms of each state and territory. The United States coat of arms is in the center. Between the arches are two clustered columns crowned with small statuettes symbolizing Science and Art. Around the base of the dome are four statues, set on the corners, representing Commerce, Industry, Mining, and Agriculture. The main entrance opens to a hall 82 feet deep, 60 feet wide, and 53 feet high. From this room three doors lead into the central hall, which is 83 feet square with a ceiling raised to 80 feet under the dome. To either side of the central hall are the main galleries, each measuring 98 by, 84 feet, and 35 feet high. When the temporary dividers are removed and the galleries join the main hall, they create what was at the time the largest hall in the country. This combined hall can be 287 feet long, by 85 feet wide, enough to hold 8,000 people. Above the hall is a grand balcony promenade 275 feet long and 45 feet wide, from which one can overlook the beautiful northern quadrant. Overall the building provides 75,000 square feet of wall surface for paintings and 20,000 of floor space for sculptures. Raised on a six-foot platform overlooking the Schuylkill River, Memorial Hall housed the first international art exhibit in the United States. Participating countries contributed so many works that even this massive structure could not showcase them all.

Internal and External Sources of Finance Essay

Internal sources of finance for Tesco Tesco’s main internal source of income will be their retained earnings. Retained earnings are the amount of net income that Tesco have retained and not paid out. Retained earnings are what are paid to the business owners. Fixed assets are another form of an internal source of finance; this form of finance is a lot harder to convert into cash as fixed assets tend to be things such as vehicles, machinery, buildings and factories. Fixed assets can take a while to convert into cash so Tesco would not rely on them to be a short-term access to finance. Current assets are a key source of finance for Tesco; current assets are cash and things that are easy to convert into cash. The things that can be converted into cash easily are things such as stock; once the stock has been sold earning will be retained by Tesco. Tesco have to ensure current assets are no lower than current liabilities as this may prevent them from paying off any possible debts they may have. External sources of finance for Tesco As Tesco are a large company some forms of external finance do not apply to them, things such as loans, credit cards and bank overdrafts will be of no interest to Tesco as they are too financially significant to benefit from them. However, the sources that do apply to Tesco are investments from shareholders, Tesco have many competitors all competing for the same thing, to be the biggest supermarket within the UK. For Tesco to take that title they will need as much investors as possible. An average loan from the bank would not benefit Tesco as the loan is likely to be small; however, if Tesco needed a quick source of finance of a large quantity, things such as a government grants would be beneficial; it would be beneficial as the grant is likely to be large.

Integration – Teamwork

Integration – Teamwork The first step toward peaceful common existence in a multicultural country is integration. It can easily happen that immigrants end up isolated, unable to take part in their new society. This is a problem for both the immigrants and the country they have come to. By not participating they are not doing anything for the country's benefit, and the people of said country may start asking themselves: if they are not taking part, why should they be taken care of?They may fall away from the system, not getting any of the advantages, and at the same time missing their opportunity to raise their voices and do anything about their situation. It all ends up as a downward spiral that makes integration, and thereby also improvement, more and more difficult. Integration is therefore something that has to start happening right away. The first step to integration is often said to be learning the language of the country, and I think this makes a lot of sense. A language barrier is a huge barrier, as communication is essential in almost every situation.But how can we make this happen? Would it be a solution that all immigrants attend language classes in their new country? If you compare a multicultural country to a group of people with completely different personalities, values and ideas stuck together in one tiny house for an extended period of time, it is hardly that difficult to imagine that problems are going to arise; eventually they will find something to argue about. Now this might sound negative, but it is, in fact, not. Arguing, if kept on a reasonable level, is how you become fully aware of your own meanings and views.You may learn to see things from a different perspective, and sometimes the argument brings out new ideas that can lead to solutions. This is part of the reason I believe that migration can only be a good thing, as it makes us learn new things through our differences. (Of course, the types of issues deriving from migration d o differ quite drastically from the types of issues that the members of the hundreds of reality shows we have nowadays have got to deal with, but that also means that the things we learn from them are different as well, and if I may say so, also infinitely more giving. It is not that long ago that we found the whole idea of sharing, mixing and just getting to know the rest of the world somewhat frightening. We were not very good at it, and wanted everything to stay the way it was. The modern world takes pride in being open and new-thinking however, and the word on everyone's lips is â€Å"diversity†. Yes, diversity and sharing our cultures are wonderful things that we should definitely learn to appreciate more, but through our fear of racism we are making it almost impossible to state the fact that there are actually going to be some changes for you if you move to a new country.Of course you do not have to give up on your own culture, of course you can still speak your mother tongue, of course we want diversity. But what we sometimes forget to mention is that you really can't speak only your mother tongue in your new country and that you will have to get in touch with the culture of this new country as well as keeping your own. If you really want your new country to actually be your new country and to accept you as a part of it, then you will have to accept the fact that if you want your country to be multicultural, you will have to be a bit multicultural yourself.Learning a new language does not erase your own language from your brain, getting to know a new culture does not mean you have to let go of your own values, just as making new friends does not mean you can never speak to your old ones again. It is a matter of expanding rather than replacing. However, no relationships are ever one-sided. There has to be will and effort from both sides for it to work. This means that for integration to work smoothly, both the country and the immigrants have to d o their best to make it so.It is much easier for us to say that all immigrants must learn the language right away than it is for the immigrants to learn a whole new language in no time at all. If the attending of language classes are to be made compulsory, then the immigrants should be given the means to do so. It can hardly be expected that they should have the money for language classes at the ready right after they have arrived in a new country. Many of them are moving in order to start up a new life, and being forced to pay for language classes before they have started working is not going to help in any way.The fact that they will have a much easier time finding a job after the language classes does not help if they are already bankrupt before they have begun the search for a job. If the country would be willing to pay for the language classes however, that would be a huge benefit for the immigrants. It would also pay itself off for the country in many cases, once the new citiz ens start working. Though that does not mean that all immigrants will see and understand the necessity and the advantages of such classes, which would make the whole project a waste.This leads me to another important aspect of successful integration: communication between the country and the immigrants. Communication is always present in a healthy relationship, the relationship between country and immigrant being no exception. Now one might wonder how there can be communication about the necessity of learning the language before the immigrants learn the language, but there are ways to get this done. It is simply another matter of will and effort, once again from both sides rather than one.A relationship where only one part is trying to make things work is a doomed relationship. With this said, we can not blame only either immigrant or country if integration is not working, and we can not assign the responsibility of making integration possible to only either immigrant or country. Ye s, it is a definite benefit for the process of integration if the immigrant makes an effort to learn the language, but it can not really be as simply put as â€Å"all immigrants should learn the language of their new country†.No matter how much effort you put in, you will not be able to become a part of something if that â€Å"something† is not willing to accept you. It is like one of those â€Å"help me help you†-cases, if I may put it that simply, and I believe it is also know to be called teamwork. Once this first barrier, which is nothing but a barrier in the way of thinking, is overcome, all the other barriers standing in the way of integration will become a lot less insuperable.